Drought
A prolonged period of below-average rainfall leading to insufficient water availability.
Impact on Agriculture
- Reduced soil moisture and water levels in rivers and reservoirs, leading to water stress for crops.
- Lower crop yields or complete crop failure, particularly for water-intensive crops.
- Increased need for irrigation, raising costs for farmers.
- Poor pasture growth affecting livestock health and productivity.
Flooding
Excessive rainfall leading to waterlogging of soils and overflow of water bodies.
Impact on Agriculture
- Waterlogged soils can suffocate plant roots and lead to crop losses.
- Soil erosion and nutrient leaching, reducing soil fertility.
- Damage to farm infrastructure, such as roads, fences, and irrigation systems.
- Increased spread of plant diseases and pests due to standing water.
Erratic Rainfall Patterns
Unpredictable timing and intensity of rainfall.
Impact on Agriculture
- Difficulty in planning planting and harvesting schedules.
- Increased risk of pest and disease outbreaks due to favorable conditions created by unexpected moisture.
- Stress on plants during critical growth periods, such as flowering and grain filling, affecting yields.
Seasonal Variability
Changes in the expected seasonal patterns of rainfall.
Impact on Agriculture
- Shifts in planting and harvesting times, potentially reducing the growing season.
- Mismatch between water availability and crop water requirements.
- Challenges in managing irrigation schedules and water storage.
